Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is surgery to remove prostate tissue. This is done when an overgrown prostate gland is pressing on the urethra and making it hard to urinate. After laser surgery, you will have a urinary catheter for a short time.

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is a procedure for doing surgery within the kidney using a viewing tube called a fibrotic endoscope. In RIRS the scope is placed through the urethra (the urinary opening) into the bladder and then through the ureter into the urine-collecting part of the kidney. The scope thus is moved retrograde (up the urinary tract system) to within the kidney (intrarenal). RIRS is done to remove a stone. The stone is seen through the scope and can then be manipulated or crushed by an ultrasound probe or evaporated by a laser probe or grabbed by small forceps, etc. This method is generally preferred for stone sizes less than 20-25mm.

Urine passed without control.
Causes: The most common causes of urinary incontinence in women are stress urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence. Women with both problems have mixed urinary incontinence. Stress urinary incontinence is caused by loss of support of the urethra which is usually a consequence of damage to pelvic support structures as a result of childbirth. It is characterized by leaking of small amounts of urine with activities which increase abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing and lifting.

Ureteroscopy is a procedure to address kidney stones, and involves the passage of a small telescope, called a ureteroscope, through the urethra and bladder and up the ureter to the point where the stone is located.

VIU and/or urethral dilation is usually the initial treatment approach offered in most cases of male urethral stricture, with no difference in efficacy between urethral dilation and urethrotomy.

ESWL involves the administration of a series of shock waves generated by a machine called a lithotripter. The shock waves are focused by x-ray onto the kidney stone and travel into the body through skin and tissue, reaching the stone where they break it into small fragments.

PCNL is a technique used to remove certain stones in the kidney or upper ureter (the tube that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder) that are too large for other forms of stone treatment such as shock wave lithotripsy or ureteroscopy.

Reconstructive urology is surgery to restore normal function by repairing, rerouting, or recreating areas of the upper and lower urinary tract and some reproductive organs.

Ureteral double J (DJ) stents are frequently used to relieve ureteral obstruction and almost as a routine part of the ureteroscopic procedures by many surgeons. DJ stent placement has the potential side effects such as flank pain and urinary tract infection (UTI) due to retrograde urine flow.

Urologic oncologists are trained to treat urinary tract malignancies using a variety of tools and technologies designed to treat the disease while sparing healthy tissue. A urologic oncologist will work closely with your care team to tailor treatments to your specific cancer, help reduce side effects and address issues of sexual function.